what was valley forge

The British army completed its march to New York City, while the Continental Army had forced a battle and performed admirably on an open field. [58] France and the United States subsequently signed a treaty on February 6, 1778, creating a military alliance between the two countries. 1400 North Outer Line Drive In exchange for enlisting, soldiers of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment gained immediate emancipation, and their former owners received financial compensation equal to the slave's market value. That winter was not particularly harsh at Valley Forge, but many soldiers remained unfit for duty, owing to the disease, lack of proper clothing and uniforms ("naked" referred to a ragged or improperly attired individual). George Washington struggles to hold his army together at a critical point during the Revolutionary War. In 1742, Quaker industrialists established the Mount Joy Iron Forge. Initially, France remained reluctant to directly involve themselves in the war against Great Britain. [19] In addition, some huts had thatched straw roofs, while others consisted of brush, canvas, or clapboards. The Story of Valley Forge After failing to retake Philadelphia, Washington led his 12,000-man army into winter quarters at Valley Forge, located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Philadelphia. Stories of harsh weather likely originated from the 1779–1780 winter encampment at Jockey Hollow, near Morristown, New Jersey, which had the coldest winter of the war. The audio driving tour is the perfect option for visitors to explore the history of the park. Valley Forge National Historic Park. One anonymous letter in January 1778 disparaged Washington. [40] In June 1778, when the Continental -Army marched out of Valley Forge, they had completed "the first large-scale, state-sponsored immunization campaign in history. [18] Despite commanders' attempts at standardization, the huts varied in terms of size, materials, and construction techniques. The Village of Valley Forge is an unincorporated settlement located on the west side of Valley Forge National Historical Park at the confluence of Valley Creek and the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania, United States. Valley Forge is a name that every child learns in elementary school, but most people still don't know the story of what happened. For other uses, see. On December 23, Washington wrote Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. Mifflin heeded Dewees' concerns but established a magazine at Valley Forge anyway. In September 1777, Congress fled Philadelphia to escape the British capture of the city. It is approximately 20 miles northwest of Philadelphia.1 Starvation, disease, and … History at Valley Forge While no battle was fought at Valley Forge, a ragtag army was transformed, the French Alliance was crafted, and the complexion of the Revolutionary War was changed forever. [14] In addition to a concentration of soldiers at Valley Forge, Washington ordered nearly 2,000 soldiers to encamp at Wilmington, Delaware. Explore Valley Forge There are a number of ways to experience the history and nature that Valley Forge has to offer. One of the most enduring myths about the Valley Forge encampment concerns the weather. King of Prussia, PA Explore and learn about Valley Forge to Become a Junior Ranger! [12] Proximity to the Schuylkill River could facilitate supply movements down the river. "[20], The Continental Army that marched into Valley Forge consisted of about 12,000 people—soldiers, artificers, women, and children. "[30], On January 7, Christopher Marshall related how "ten teams of oxen, fit for slaughtering, came into camp, driven by loyal Philadelphia women. Years later, Lafayette recalled that "the unfortunate soldiers were in want of everything; they had neither coats, hats, shirts, nor shoes; their feet and legs froze till they had become almost black, and it was often necessary to amputate them. In large part, supplies dried up through the neglect of Congress so that by the end of December 1777 Washington had no way to feed or to adequately clothe the soldiers. Today, VFCM is one of the largest equity hedge fund managers in the mid-Atlantic region with … [citation needed], Although Native and/or African American men served the Continental Army as drovers, waggoneers, and laborers, others fought as soldiers, particularly from Rhode Island and Massachusetts. [15] In the two winter encampments prior to Valley Forge, the Continental army had sheltered themselves in a combination of tents, constructed huts, civilian barns and other buildings. About 30% of Continental soldiers at Valley Forge did not speak English as their first language. Washington's enslaved domestic staff included his manservant William Lee, as well as cooks Hannah Till and her husband Isaac. "[42] Yet women on the whole proved invaluable, whether on the march or at an encampment like Valley Forge. However, following the inconclusive Battle of Whitemarsh from December 5–8, increasing numbers of officers and politicians began to appreciate the need to defend the greater Philadelphia region from British incursions. B. Trussell Jr. writes that many squads "dug their floors almost two feet below ground level," to reduce wind exposure or the number of logs required for construction. Some patients might have suffered from more than one ailment. Valley Forge is the site of the 1777-78 winter encampment of the Continental Army. [1][2] They remained there for six months, from December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778. Learn about the history and significance of Valley Forge. [11] Its location allowed for soldiers to be readily detached to protect the countryside. [10] In addition to suggestions from his officers, Washington also had to contend with the recommendations of politicians. [6] Settlers of German and Swedish descent also lived nearby. Later depictions of Valley Forge described the encampment as blanketed in snow, with exposure and frostbite supposedly claiming the lives of many soldiers. William Lee had married Margaret Thomas, a free black woman who worked as a laundress at Washington's Headquarters. Continental officer George Ewing wrote that "the troops then shouted, three cheers and 'Long live the King of France!' Valley Forge is a fee-free park open year-round and sees nearly two million visitors annually. However, no contemporary evidence exists suggesting such a prayer occurred. USS Valley Forge (CV/CVA/CVS-45, LPH-8) was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during and shortly after World War II for the United States Navy.The ship was the first US Navy ship to bear the name, and was named after Valley Forge, the 1777–1778 winter encampment of General George Washington's Continental Army. Two years of war, shuffling leadership, and uneven recruitment resulted in irregular unit organization and strength. after this…three cheers and shout of 'God Save the friendly Powers of Europe! "[31] While these women provided crucial assistance, most people remained relatively unaware of the Continental Army's plight—"an unavoidable result of a general policy" to prevent such intelligence from reaching the British. During the Valley Forge encampment, the army was reorganized into five divisions under Major Generals Charles Lee, Marquis de Lafayette, Johan de Kalb, and William Alexander "Lord Stirling," with Brigadier General Anthony Wayne serving in place of Mifflin. Washington's aide-de-camp Colonel Richard Kidder Meade met her at the Susquehanna ferry dock to escort her into the encampment. Discover Valley Forge National Historical Park. USS Valley Forge (CG-50) was a Ticonderoga-class cruiser in the United States Navy. Learn more about our brands Flags 100% Made in the U.S.A. Valley Forge Inn is a Pigeon Forge hotel with indoor pool on the Parkway, near The Island and the best things to do in Pigeon Forge. Valley Forge Inn is a family-owned property with standard rooms, large suites, townhouses and jacuzzi suites. We believe in empowering every member to realize her potential as a skilled … Political, strategic, and environment factors all influenced the Continental Army's decision to establish their encampment near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania in the winter of 1777–1778. [36][37] Neither plumbing nor a standardized system of trash collection existed. Plus a timeline, weather reports, the French Connection, Franklin, spies, mysteries, and more! Valley Forge marked the first time Washington ordered the army primarily concentrated into a more permanent post where they constructed their own shelters. Under Steuben's leadership, the Continentals practiced volley fire, improved maneuverability, standardized their march paces, exercised skirmishing operations, and drilled bayonet proficiency. [60] Meanwhile, small-scale cooperative operations between the Continentals and New Jersey militia harassed and exhausted the British forces. [48] The Seven Nations of Canada and the Iroquois at what would be the Six Nations Reserve, who were mostly emigrants from the colony of New York, were brought to the brink of war by the Anglo-American conflict. Today, Valley Forge National Historical Park protects and preserves over 3,500 acres of the original encampment site.[4]. Valley Forge, PA Directions {{::location.tagLine.value.text}} Sponsored Topics. The Schuylkill River also thawed, allowing the Continental Army to more easily to transport convoys from the main supply depot at Reading. Washington ordered that soldiers' rations include either one to one and a half pounds of flour or bread, one pound of salted beef or fish, or three-quarters pound of salted pork, or one and a half pounds of flour or bread, a half pound of bacon or salted pork, a half pint of peas or beans, and one gill of whiskey or spirits. Despite the mortality rate, Washington did curb the spread of smallpox, which had plagued the Continental Army since the American Revolution had begun in 1775. "[43] Indeed, she did, traveling in wartime with a group of slaves over poor roads, reaching her destination in early February. [38] On May 27, Washington had ordered his soldiers remove the mud-and-straw chinking from huts "to render them as airy as possible."[38]. Considering these questions, an encampment at Valley Forge had notable advantages. The park includes 3,500 acres of monuments, meadows, and woodlands that commemorate the sacrifices and perseverance of the Revolutionary War generation, and honors the ability of citizens to pull together in order to overcome adversity during extraordinary times. Ann F. Rhoads, Douglas Ryan and Ella W. Aderman. [61], The armies met on the morning of June 28, beginning the Battle of Monmouth. The park commemorates the sacrifices and perseverance of the Revolutionary War generation. By January 1778, nearly 10% of Washington's effective force consisted of African American troops. An investigation uncovered that 3,000–4,000 troops had not received inoculations, despite having long-term enlistments. Several senior officers in the Continental Army originally came from France, Prussia, Poland, Ireland, and Hungary. In turn, this made the troops appear more professional and disciplined. Sir Henry Clinton replaced General Sir William Howe as British Commander-in-Chief of Land Forces in North America, and had to divert troops from Philadelphia to the Crown's valuable possessions in the West Indies.

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