critical thinking fallacies pdf
The study of fallacies can be dated back to the start of the study of logic. A large portion of critical thinking has to do with the description, investigation, and taxonomy of different fallacies. Foundation for ritical Thinkin ress www.criticalthinking.org The Thinker’s Guide to Fallacies: The Art of Mental Trickery and Manipulation 1 Contents �/�-+���*��}7����B��¬:��S���ZO�vZ �~�v*���T�ͷ ���``O� Contains 24 logical fallacies, 24 cognitive biases, 3 game cards and 3 Call Out Cards. 1 0 obj Fallacies. Critical Thinking is the process of using reasoning to discern what is true, and what is false, in the phrases and "sound bytes" we hear everyday. In ancient Greece, Aristotle classified fallacies into two categories—linguistic and non-linguistic. :��,�C��h '0�5�@�20=��I�8���!IQf���-�=AW�H����1�0�^� around critical thinking. 0000002293 00000 n Critical thinking helps us to On Critical Thinking and Reasoning: Deduction, Induction, and Logical Fallacies Terri L. Russ, J.D., Ph.D. ([email protected]) Assistant Professor Department of Communication Studies, Dance, and Theatre Saint Mary's College This module helps you understand: The importance of critical thinking. �p�'_��P#���� ��9�xa&. If you’re missing these critical thinking fallacies, you’re reducing your ability to perform at work. Critical Thinking - Writing Lab Tips and Strategies: Logical Fallacies. 2.Understand and apply the concept of relevance. <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Font<>>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 426 624]/ArtBox[ 24.048 23.976 402.024 599.952]/TrimBox[ 24.048 23.976 402.024 599.952]/Contents 16 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Type/Page/CropBox[ 24.048 23.976 402.024 599.952]/Rotate 0/PieceInfo<>/DocumentID(�� x m p . ��ч��тm��&o ��z�m��2�s+�L��x�a���ҁ>&�U��P�i30�|�Y���A� Q�@ endstream endobj 68 0 obj 227 endobj 57 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 48 0 R /Resources 58 0 R /Contents 60 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 378 576 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 378 576 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 58 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] /Font << /F1 61 0 R /F3 64 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 66 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 65 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 59 0 R >> >> endobj 59 0 obj [ /CalRGB << /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1 1.089 ] /Gamma [ 2.22221 2.22221 2.22221 ] /Matrix [ 0.4124 0.2126 0.0193 0.3576 0.71519 0.1192 0.1805 0.0722 0.9505 ] >> ] endobj 60 0 obj << /Length 555 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream 6'�-���Wu���h{�s��xo�ASi�\�����a��\�$���t�]��9��BC;�i�t�ń6\�Ĉ�L;�G`a��s6P��xV����O�p��&� ��5;N ), Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. The 2.5 hours a day you spend on social media is training you how to think. 5 0 obj The common fallacies are usefully divided into three categories: Fallacies of Relevance, Fallacies of Unacceptable Premises, and Formal Fallacies. Since we constantly invent new fallacies, it would be impossible to compile an all-inclusive list. The study of fallacies is an application of the principles of critical thinking. 0000000809 00000 n The presence of critical thinking fallacies weakens and invalidates arguments, so it’s best to steer clear from them. Introduction . Logic & critical thinking (fallacies unit 3) 9,168 views. Being familiar with typical fallacies can help us avoid them. 4.Define, understand, and recognize fallacies of Inductive arguments will often use and cause generalizations to validate the argument - past occurrences Deductive arguments. 207 pages Argument: Critical Thinking, Logic and the Fallacies 2004 Pearson Education Canada, 2004 European Big Game Shooting Red Deer Stalking in Scotland & Europe, Tony Read, 2009, Sports & An argument can be fallacious whether or not its 1 An ad hominem statement is any (positive, negative, or neutral) statement made about an individual. Janez Bregant University of Maribor, Slovenia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The study argues for the claim that a correct argumentation, i.e. Logical fallacy examples Darnell Kemp. An example of such a fallacy is the fallacy of hasty generalization. The study of fallacies is an application of the principles of critical thinking. In J. Feisner & B. Dowden (Eds. Instead I here want to just focus on what are known as logical fallacies. The Foundation for Critical Thinking . Within these two categories, he identified 13 individual fallacies. H��yT��% �pC�VYU�.�n(E���UE(և�Z�����9V�����T��h��FB�@AT���ZqAԪH$$�L2�,�L�w',��s������3g����L�����۫��^��L&��{���U��ڕ[q������Bje ��Ἔ+Z ���X2>v�v�� F��ױI���ʙ��M�� �N�b�X��G���@�$%�Zo��y�d�������� �$�i�ը����vj�L6��Ɯ?�@�3L3F��E�A|��tʯ�d�2ztʫh5z���}*ߦ} �o��<4}d $ �8~��>�r�������2%�I7�א,t �}5Z 1��4�A�L�S��<7-�xM�&�w nw dM�� �p����r'��a�`|���u��Ya�� xf� �ۭ$��knҪ��@���R�(�� When someone knows how to identify these fallacies, it will be easier to point out invalid arguments by other people as well. Under each one, make a note of what problems might exist concerning the reasoning behind them. Learning Outcomes In this lesson we will: 1.Define logical fallacy using the SEE-I. The study of fallacies can be dated back to the start of the study of logic. There is a lot of evidence that P. 12/19/2020 eConcordia - Critical Thinking - Lesson 4: Fallacies (Print Version) 3/7 Argument from ignorance is always a logical fallacy, but that is not its interest. Fallacies Ad Hominem Also Known as: Ad Hominem Abusive, Personal Attack Description: Translated from Latin to English, “ad Hominem” means “against the man” or “against the person.” An ad Hominem is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is 54 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 57 /H [ 809 340 ] /L 52500 /E 20811 /N 9 /T 51302 >> endobj xref 54 15 0000000016 00000 n In my argument above, I stated that dinosaurs became extinct because they ate vegetables. %PDF-1.7 Many of these fallacies have Latin names, perhaps because medieval philosophers were particularly interested in informal logic. CRITICAL THINKING IN EDUCATION: WHY TO AVOID LOGICAL FALLACIES? _____ 2. 3.Define, understand, and recognize fallacies of relevance. 0000001128 00000 n fallacies to avoid in critical thinking. 0000000647 00000 n Broadly speaking, we might divide fallacies into four kinds: 8 Critical Thinking Fallacies You’re Likely Falling For on Social Media July 2, 2020. h����D���IS��kK����Zҽj���j҆�Nڇ}nA�8I��;b��۠��%��]�x&h!�iV��DAޖ�T��T��w};i�������p�����5Ӯ�j��N�:�Ƽ�����dZsq��E�M�""�jCe������� 5}w��T�w�^ k�����G�n��V��48 f�� ���ՄT@� F!���&�p�������z�xU_����� H�6�������j��KӴп���za1���W�2J :W_ ��A`{H6� �@��;�M���m��z;. Share; Like; Download ... Institute of Management Studies UOP. An important part of critical thinking is the use of logic. • Discuss questions related to intellectual standards. Center for Critical Thinking Foundation for Critical Thinking 04 Fallacies TG 12.2012.indd 4 8/29/19 12:09 PM. Critical thinking by definition can be explained as the determination of whether we should accept, reject, or suspend judgment about a claim and the degree of confidence with which we should accept or reject it. Fallacies are erroneous thinking which deceives one’s critical thinking. In ancient Greece, Aristotle classified fallacies into two categories—linguistic and non-linguistic. Upon completion of this course, the healthcare provider should be able to: • Define critical thinking. The Foundation for Critical Thinking . CRITICAL THINKING: FALLACIES R 5 minute self test Read the list of statements below. 0000003688 00000 n The core skills enacted with critical thinking. @g����5�/^�"�ٻw��s�D�`�XL'{��_�{�a��a�?^�|��CY'%e|A���wo74�{�TEu)K�%,�������Ɵ*E���Çm[�bEܴP_�;�ރr`o��|��ȩ�KW�d2�R�&W@P��E.&kii/������"���[m {��*e�3YCy~����&s����v��V�e}�ϯ����Va ,V��LQ�C1T�C4�F�U�u�Pv\*�т�EQ�@Q&+��d��]��b1��=P���g�a�&��|��]�ڎ�Ā4��Q�UC�J��aD����zAt�~D�����0PD���Ȍfk'����䅑��`��=p&����=. This is not the place to say much more about logical thinking in general, and the basic principles of logic. Broadly speaking, we might divide fallacies … 1. What is the definition of fallacy? We would also be in a position to explain other people's mistakes. <> Critical thinking is initially a process of reaction. This is when someone incorrectly identifies the causeof something. Critical Thinking Fallacies Pdf Critical The first step is to be aware of the possible fallacies that can be committed. While these two things did happen, a diet of vegetables was not the cause of their extinction. • Discuss 6 steps to critical review of literature. Maybe you've heard false cause more commonly represented by the phrase "correlation does not equal causation", meaning that just because two things occurred around the same time, it doesn't necessaril… 0000001484 00000 n There are different ways of classifying fallacies. Perfect for honing critical thinking skills, calling out people you’re arguing with, and spotting actual fake news. The objective of this paper examine theis to influence of demographic variables both of these components separately by utilizing univariate statistical on method. <>stream d i d : 9 f b a a d 1 9 - c c 7 5 - 4 0 e 7 - a 7 2 a - d 6 3 4 e f 6 2 8 1 8 4)/OriginalDocumentID(�� a d o b e : d o c i d : i n d d : 6 c 2 a 8 c 8 7 - 6 e 2 a - 1 1 d e - b 9 b 1 - c 7 2 b f e 5 5 b 8 5 d)/LastModified(�� D : 2 0 1 9 0 8 2 9 1 6 0 9 0 0 Z)/PageUIDList<0 695>>>>>>/Group 17 0 R >> • Explain 9 elements involved in intellectual standards. was a fallacy because it is logically invalid, then it would be fallacious in the same way as the following argument: 1. Printed on the highest quality 310gsm Master Quality Airfoil card stock. View Critical thinking.pdf from PHI 102 at Indipendent Learning Centre. This article will highlight the most common logical fallacies. Critical thinking disposition, informal logic, fallacy . (�^�amPI�L]����`� ��4R#>�K�M�D������ �5D�KWk}�K7O��i`�lMRdG�deÍ�ݾ�X�;!���N�F��t��n�Y|�O��m\5 8@��Ik�tۥ]��L � {{�m�������K�A]kZ2����.��'UQ{H �}����J This sort of behaviour can’t be tolerated; it is un-Australian. Ad Hominem Argumen t: Attacking the person instead of … (2015). Being familiar with typical fallacies can help us avoid them and help explain other people’s mistakes. Slide 8: Evidential Fallacies (Cont'd) If the A.I. �� One important kind of fallacy is the ad hominem. Logic arguments and_fallacies Erik Hanson. 0000001303 00000 n ��aõ+�������=v��)�:��m�(�KL$�jT�6�J���&��9����. Popular lists of fallacies are found on the Internet and in textbooks. ,"x�Z/�*�X� �VX� i#x��������CuxA�JǼ�L;#��Pr�p�*~�Y�7P����fTX�(�u)��HP.�[��yn���� ��Z��Ւ��M]���U}q"J[�u��r����p�\q�ў8���3AYw]ݴ��[�a�Yu>�`J�]�zic}~��nTY$�'��IYG�7���@e��d�Ж�0*Ok۰���)�#��G�,�z�u��FȦ�}���էv�S�b���D��贍1�Qǜ�"qdeh�b��Ӥ�,�E$��u:��������Q'��Q�R��m�uZ�k����&|I�8ͯ��5�Lq�&���aX���ߣ�?��l])�r8S��a�k�g�����M��=���ME?� 8� endstream endobj 61 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 222 /Widths [ 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 280 438 510 510 868 834 248 320 320 420 510 255 320 255 347 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 255 255 510 510 510 330 781 627 627 694 784 580 533 743 812 354 354 684 560 921 780 792 588 792 656 504 682 744 650 968 648 590 638 320 329 320 510 500 380 420 510 400 513 409 301 464 522 268 259 484 258 798 533 492 516 503 349 346 321 520 434 684 439 448 390 320 255 320 510 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 510 0 0 0 0 0 800 0 0 0 255 0 0 255 510 255 255 0 522 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 255 255 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 248 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 539 ] /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /AGaramond-Semibold /FontDescriptor 62 0 R >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 720 /CapHeight 663 /Descent -270 /Flags 262178 /FontBBox [ -177 -269 1123 866 ] /FontName /AGaramond-Semibold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 105 /XHeight 397 /StemH 45 >> endobj 63 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 720 /CapHeight 663 /Descent -270 /Flags 262242 /FontBBox [ -154 -286 1176 866 ] /FontName /AGaramond-SemiboldItalic /ItalicAngle -18.5 /StemV 105 /XHeight 408 /StemH 45 >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 255 250 430 510 510 864 788 242 330 330 400 510 255 320 255 270 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 255 255 510 510 510 326 774 608 612 656 757 588 546 719 772 357 361 665 558 875 730 748 584 748 602 498 640 726 636 922 615 588 627 330 340 330 510 500 380 470 487 360 499 370 282 404 493 291 281 468 260 756 524 436 476 482 372 290 304 520 442 672 435 398 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AGaramond-SemiboldItalic /FontDescriptor 63 0 R >> endobj 65 0 obj << /Type /ExtGState /SA false /SM 0.02 /TR /Identity >> endobj 66 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 1613 /Height 2459 /BitsPerComponent 1 /ImageMask true /Length 16132 /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /DecodeParms << /K -1 /Columns 1613 >> >> stream So any reasoning provides raw material for critical-thinking practice. 3Z{uABi�� 0000004239 00000 n Fallacy and Fallacies - Logic and Critical Thinking Viona Kaleb Name : Viona Zatil Aqmar Kaleb ID : 001201400064 Class : CIT-3 2014 CRT in Practice 1 Identity the possible types of fallacies in the following arguments: 1. Follow ... Introduction to logic and critical thinking pdf williamreynolds70. Dowden, B. "`~��~���T0� a�A��㽺L7��}����M��^�L$v'���E��o�A�o!��t#�Nv`��vֺp�^�^�I7D��7Hy{�QB-�U ��(���v��l�wJ�xM�a�$n��,:M�p��]Yz�zA����@���A7�Z�H�.���zA�H �u}��t��D7�_�#¦�k�L0��_�0p���$��t�p�x">�l8Xq�u 0000003230 00000 n trailer << /Size 69 /Info 52 0 R /Root 55 0 R /Prev 51292 /ID[<0ca35d18cf1996496ce0d71d7802e585><0ca35d18cf1996496ce0d71d7802e585>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 55 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 49 0 R /Metadata 53 0 R /AcroForm 56 0 R >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR 46 0 R /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 67 0 obj << /S 170 /V 244 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 68 0 R >> stream 0000000738 00000 n �500q��`(�pq��@�� ��R��i. Home; Logical Fallacies; Logical Fallacies Fallacies are fake or deceptive arguments, arguments that may sound good but prove nothing. Critical thinking disposition and informal reasoning fallacies are two essential components of critical thinking. 2 0 obj 0000001664 00000 n Part of it involves being familiar with logic and logical fallacies - those bits of false reasoning that are used to manipulate and mislead us. Within these two categories, he identified 13 individual fallacies. CRITICAL THINKING & PRACTICAL REASONING ... • Fallacies of manipulating data deal with the quality of evidence or information gathered to support facts present in our conclusions. A fallacy is an argument that uses poor reasoning. %PDF-1.3 %���� H��S�n�0~��m�x=vl'�h�[�@�%��C��d����>�8)[!nU${d���3�N,n� ���މ�x-��$�+d>0n��~�~�� ��.�sJ�����CsL߱��V�=�}� 'B�Km�P���]`��漺��Q�F�[0���hC��E���X�? %���� There are different ways of classifying fallacies. endobj endobj ��������������������������������������������������p��Dl�[�`�l��p0Kq xi�~3�x6��[�!�6�26&�diT���@7f�9)��"�ͬ��"����@)�H �fꈆ@,� The Thinker’s Guide to Fallacies: The Art of Mental Trickery and Manipulation ... Finding Fallacies Only in the Thinking of Others (None in Yourself), and 2) Finding an Equal Number of Fallacies in Everything you Read. 0000003454 00000 n Our task is to decid whethee r the argument is one we wish to make our own. 0000004317 00000 n PHI 114: Critical Reasoning Learning Unit 7: Audio Page 1 of 2 Fallacies and Errors in Thinking Speaker: Linda Abel Over the next four learning units, we are going to be studying fallacies or errors in thinking. Part involves being able to separate facts from opinions. D2�0hf�^�,�@eB�,2��gUDp�h@�9hd�2�* Y �A�!� ��'{&t�L��@�(���?ak xf�=S :��O^�����' �D�&�^�xA��� W �m'�Mb�=&�4 ��i���7Zö�2n� V�Ȑ#���4����aޚ��m�����uwm�� S@�Å Educators and researchers agree that critical thinking can be nurtured. Below are the lists we consulted in compiling what you see above. Critical Thinking Lesson 7: Logical Fallacies 1. A component of critical thinking is termed as informal fallacy. �U]~�i�];�/�ii��ᤴ��i����� �7oT�:��ia'�{�z�iT7UI��W5U_�N��i{�ӣC�IH�0��&���'���v��.��ݶ��i�XI7��;�ZB6���鋫j�����aU&�=_��[��j�im�n��ޡ[ �u�� �a����mt����}[��n�m��+�wÄG^� 8� PDF | This textbook examines the ways in which arguments may be used and abused in medicine and health. Critical thinking has been recognized for many years as one of the primary aim of college level education. a non-fallacious or good reasoning, H�b```"M�[��cb�"�c����� ?�l��2�V�^ �`J�Z��˫r$R�kʑ+fI!���Θ�u���-U���Vn8���³s]V�u0�F00 Study Resources. 0000001149 00000 n For fallacies of relevance, reasons are presented why a certain conclusion is reached, but these reasons may not be entirely true nor significant to the argument. Someone has strung together a conclusion and some reason that allegedls maky e the case for the conclu sion. One common logical fallacy is the false cause. FREE DOWNLOAD COPY The Thinker’s Guide to Fallacies: The Art of Mental Trickery and Manipulation ... Finding Fallacies Only in the Thinking of Others (None in Yourself), and 2) Finding an Equal Number of Fallacies in Everything you Read.
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